Module 1: Growing Needs of the Geriatric Population - Overview
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This module was developed by Elizabeth Towner, PhD, FNP. For additional background on Dr. Towner, select the name.
Introduction
This initial module in the Geriatric Concepts curriculum introduces concepts and information that are useful for a broad understanding of the geriatric population. It provides insights into the backgrounds of seniors by viewing them as differing cohorts, each of which has experienced similar historical events. At the same time, these elders exhibit great heterogeneity in how they age, so much so that it is often difficult to correlate chronological age with physiological age.
The module also presents insights into special health care needs of older adults, including their unique health assessment needs. The foundation you build here will aid you in making decisions regarding the primary health care of older adults-both in subsequent modules and in the clinical setting.
Unlike other modules in the Advanced Concepts curriculum, the content for this module is mainly accessible through online materials developed by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Academic Geriatric Resource Center (AGRC). These materials are a rich learning resource, designed to familiarize you with a population that will become a growing portion of your patients in the future. While we encourage you to complete the self-evaluation quizzes presented throughout the materials, you will not need to participate in the web-discussions titled "Post thoughts". The UCSF Academic Geriatric Resource Center can be found at http://ucsfagrc.org/introduction/index.html.
Objectives
- Distinguish current and projected demographic characteristics of the geriatric population in the U.S. that influence primary health care decisions.
- Understand current gender differences on longevity, disease/disability patterns, and financial status in order to apply those statistics to primary health care decisions.
- Delineate the most common health conditions experienced by older adults.
- Describe at least two social theories of aging and explain their relevance to the provision of primary health care of older patients.
- Describe the life-span developmental approach to planning and providing primary health care for elderly persons.
- Distinguish "normal" age-related changes in intellectual functioning from late-life cognitive disorders and mental health concerns.
- Compare and contrast characteristics of healthy, competent elders with those of frail elders.
- Describe how cultural variations in the concept of death affect end-of-life care for older adults.
- Examine the historical depiction of aging.
- Select at least one theory of aging and critique the research supporting this theory.
- Describe at least two important age-related physiologic changes in each of the following body systems: renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neurological, immune, endocrine, musculoskeletal, genitourinary, sensory, integument.
- Describe how age changes influence older adults' responses to pharmaceuticals.
- Describe the key elements of a general geriatric assessment instrument and the rationale for the use of such an instrument.
- Identify factors that make the care of older people different from the care of younger people.
- Portray timesaving strategies that can be used when caring for older patients in an ambulatory setting.
- Explain one assessment instrument useful for assessment of each of the following:
- Dementia
- Depression
- Falls and mobility disorders
- Pressure ulcers
- Sensory impairment: hearing/vision
- Gait
- Caregiver strain/stress
- Elder abuse
- The home
- Describe non-pathologic and pathologic findings that are associated with aging in the following physical exam areas:
- General appearance
- Skin
- Eyes
- Mouth and teeth
- Cardiovascular
- Genitourinary
- Neurological